3^rd International Conference on Central Nervous System Disorders & Therapeutics Oct 02-03, 2017 Vienna, Austria

Biography:

Debabrata Mukhopadhyay is currently working as a Neurosurgeon in the Department of Neurosurgery at Kailash Group of Hospitals, India. He has published several articles in the reputed and peer-reviewed journals and participated in several scientific events.

Abstract:

Introduction: Surgical treatment of brain tumors in the eloquent areas has high risk of eloquent impairment. These tumors represent a unique challenge as most of the patients have a higher risk of treatment related complications. Awake craniotomy is a useful surgical approach to help to identify and preserve functional areas in the brain and maximizes tumor removal and minimizes complications.

Methods: Selected patients admitted with intrinsic brain tumor between from July, 2011 to August, 2016 in the eloquent area of brain like speech or motor area were chosen for awake craniotomy. A retrospective analysis was done. A preoperative assessment was also done. These patients were presented with seizure and/or progressive neurological deficit like speech or motor. A standard anaesthesia monitoring was done during surgery. Long acting local anaesthesia (Bupivacaine) was used for scalp block. The surgeries were performed in a state of sleep-awake-sleep pattern, keeping the patients fully awake during tumor removal. Propofol and Fentanyl was used as anaesthetic agents which was completely withdrawn prior to tumor removal. The speech and motor functions were closely monitored clinically by verbal commands during tumor resection. No brain mapping was performed due to lack of resources. All patients underwent non-contrast computed tomogram head in the first post-operative day.

Results: A total of 35 patients were included in the study. The oldest patient was 55 years and youngest being 24 years (mean 36 years). Twenty (57.14%) were females and 15 (42.85%) males. Twenty (57.14%) patients were presented with predominantly seizure disorders and rest with progressive neurological deficit like speech or motor. Thirty (85.71%) patients were discharged on second postoperative day. Complications was encountered in 4 (11.42%) patients who developed brain swelling intraoperatively and 5 (14.28%) deteriorated neurologically in the immediate postoperative period however managed successfully and discharged in a week’s time. Five (14.28%) patients require ICU/HDU care for different reasons. There was no mortality during the hospital stay. Histopathology revealed 25 (71.42%) patients had low grade glioma, 8 (22.85%) had high grade glioma and 2 (5.71%) had metastases.

Conclusion: Awake craniotomy is a safe surgical management for intrinsic brain tumors in the eloquent cortex although surgery and anesthesia is a challenge. It offers great advantage towards disease outcome. However long follow up and more studies are required.

Biography:

Brahim Gargouri is currently working in the Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health at University of Sfax, Tunisia. He has published several original research papers in the reputed and peer reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Substantial evidence has shown that exposure to pyrethroid pesticides may cause adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and cognitive impairment, but the underlying neurobiological mechanism is poorly understood so far. In this study, we investigated the alterations of neuronal damage, glial activation oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction, and their causal relationship with the cognitive deficits induced by bifenthrin. Our results revealed that exposure to bifenthrin for 8 weeks at doses 6 and 21 mg/kgbw leads to reduction in the levels of acetyl-cholinesterase, Na⁺/K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ ATPases, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities in the hippocampus region. Further, in hippocampus tissue, bifenthrin significantly enhance the mRNA gene expression of nuclear receptor related 1 protein (nurr1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 (nrf2) and nuclear factorkB pathway (NFkB). Oxidative/nitrosative stress was evident in bifenthrin-treated groups by increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCO), and nitrite concentration (NO) in hippocampus. Further, we found that treated rats with bifenthrin exhibited spatial learning and memory impairments and working memory dysfunction compared with control rats. This is also supported by histopathological findings of hippocampus region of rats. Correlational analyses revealed that spatial learning and memory impairments and working memory dysfunction were significantly correlated with the measures of neuronal damage, cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of treated rats. Moreover, the measures of neuronal damage and central cholinergic dysfunction were significantly correlated with the indexes of oxidative damage in treated rats. The results of the present study suggest that neuronal damage, cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative damage in the hippocampus following bifenthrin exposure could be involved in cognitive deficits. 

Biography:

Melnyk Nataliia O was investigating demyelination and remyelination process in central nerve system in experiment animals (in rats and mice). She studied structural changes in organs central and peripheral immune system in demyelination condition. She has 262 scientific works (4 patents) and is working in National O O Bogomolets Medical University where she provides lecture courses in Histology, Cytology and Embryology. She has prepared and edited textbook, “Histology, Cytology, Embryology”.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Investigation work was aimed at studying the features of neuroprotective effects of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (rhLIF) on mice of different ages with cuprizone model of demyelination.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In 129/Sv mice at 3-5 and 16-17 months of age, after staining histological sections of brain and spinal cord toluidin blue, were determined the percentage of neurons with unmodified, moderate and severe structural changes. Motor and emotional activity in “open field” test, activity of brain antioxidant enzymes and macrophages capable to phagocytosis of latex beads were assessed. Cuprizone was fed daily for 3 weeks. RhLIF injected after 7 days cuprizone diet, daily, 50 µg/kg. In cuprizone-treated mice of both age groups, increase in the brain and spinal cord proportions neurons with severe changes was observed.

Findings: In young animals, which received cuprizone and rhLIF reduces the amount of neurons with destructive changes. Such changes under influence of rhLIF are slowly observed in older mice. Cuprizone decreases the amount of crossed squares and faecal boluses in mice of both age groups. Inhibition amount and activity of macrophages after injections of the rhLIF presents only for older mice. LIF may be perspective neuroprotective drug in multiple sclerosis. The injections of rhLIF restore emotional activity in these mice, but the increase in motor activity is observed only in young mice. In brain of cuprizone-treated mice of different ages inhibited the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GP); changes were more pronounced in older mice. The positive effect of rhLIF on GP activity appears only in young mice. Percentage of active macrophages increases in cuprizone-treated mice of both age groups, but their activity is only in 16-17 month-old mice. 

Biography:

Seyed Behnamedin Jameie is currently working as a Professor in the Neuroscience Research Center (NRC) at Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He has published several original research papers in the reputed & peer reviewed journals and also participated into several scientific meetings.

Abstract:

Background: Melatonin primarily secrets by the pineal gland in dark phase of the circadian rhythm. In addition to its role as an internal sleep facilitator, melatonin acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents. Recently, melatonin has been introduced as a therapeutic strategy for sleep disorders. Hence, in the present study, we studied the neuroprotective effects of pre- and post-treatment of melatonin in locus coeruleus nucleus (LC) of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprived (REM-SD) male adult rats.

Methodology: Adult male rats of control, sham and trial groups were used in this study. By using flower-pot technique, short term REMSD was induced. Exogenous melatonin (ExMe) was used intraperitoneally in two forms of pre and post treatment. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3, number and density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons and microglia population in LC was studied by Western blot and immunohistochemistry respectively. Morphological changes of LC nucleus and its neurons were also studied by using stereological analysis.

Results: The number of neurons and volume of LC was reserved in animals received post-RSD ExMe, apoptosis significantly was decreased comparing to RSD and Pre-RSD animals. Melatonin post-treatment of RSD rats also decreased cleavage of caspase-3 and increased reduced glutathione content in LC. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the increase number of TH positive neurons and decrease microglia migration.

Conclusion: Based on our findings, antioxidant properties of exogenous melatonin could play a critical role in certain type of sleep disorders. 

Biography:

DELICH Olena: Currently a student and head of scientific society of the medical faculty of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine.

ABDEL WAHHAB O GH: Currently he is a student of the medical faculty of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine.

Abstract:

A 54-year-old woman was treated initially with neuritis of right optic nerve in 2013 that resolved completely. Two years later, she presented with relapse and partial visual functions recovery of right optic nerve. Ophthalmoscopy analysis showed atrophic changes of the disc optic nerve. After undercooling in March 2016, a patient complained of interscapular pain, weakness of the right limbs and urinary retention. MRI of thoracic part of spinal cord showed high T2 signal spread at least more than three vertebral segments, osteochondrosis. CT-angiography of spinal cord showed an absence of vascular malformations. A patient was treated with dexamethasone, ceftriaxone, vascular and metabolic therapy and was discharged with partial recovery, but interscapular pain was still present, sensory impairments from Th6 level down, urinary retention and constipation were revealed. From June 2016, she developed the lower spastic paraplegia. MRI of the brain (2015) didn’t reveal any local change of the brain tissues, besides asymmetric hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles. Biochemical analysis serum antibodies IgG, the specific markers of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), connected with aquaporin -4-(AQP4) usually led to increase of AQP4 concentration, which was 1:320 in our case. Course treatment included solumedrol, aciclovir, ceraxon, actovegin, and cytostatic drugs. The patient was discharged with certain improvements and diagnosed with NMO, partial atrophy of the disc right optic nerve, lower paraplegia, reduced sensitivity in trunk and right lower limb, pelvic sphincter disturbances. From September 2016, the patient started to use copaxone (40 mg/ml 3 times a week s.c. for 4 months). Pain in upper thoracic, cervical parts of vertebra with irradiation to the occipital region increased after respiratory infection in December 2016. The numbness spread to Th4-Th5 segments, appear the clinic of lower paraplegia. She got plasmapheresis as an out-patient one time. Every month from September 2016 to March 2017, infusion of methylprednisolone was performed (1000 mg), rituximab (375 mg/kg i.v. infusion every 10 days â„–4 from February to March). So, clinical diagnosis now is Neuromyelitis optica (Devic`s disease), remitting course, exacerbation, lower spastic paraplegia, pelvic sphincter disturbances by type of urinary retention and constipation, of the right disc optic nerve atrophy.

Biography:

Seyed Behnamedin Jameie is currently working as a Professor in the Neuroscience Research Center (NRC) at Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He has published several original research papers in the reputed & peer-reviewed journals and also participated into several scientific meetings.

Abstract:

Background: Neuropathic Pain (NP) is a serious suffering medical condition that frequently leads to disability and life style changes. Although the exact mechanisms of NP are still unknown, recently the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) reported as an important factor for NP. Apoptosis, increase of ATP production and reduction of antioxidants are also the other factors influencing NP. There are certain therapeutic procedures for NP, among them using laser therapy newly received more attention. In the present research, we studied the molecular effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on a rat model of NP.

Material & Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) that are randomly divided into three groups including chronic constriction injury (CCI), CCI+LLLT and control were used in this study. CCI technique was used to induce NP. Laser therapy was done by using laser beam of 660 for 14 days following CCI. After that, expression of P2X3 of the DRG, Bax and Bcl2 in lumbar spinal segments measured by Western blotting. Level of glutathione (GSH) was also measured in lumbar spinal cord segments by Continuous Spectrophotometric Rate Determination method. For behavioral study, the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated in days 7 and 14 after CCI.

Results: LLLT for two weeks increased expression of Bcl2 and GSH, whereas decreased Bax and P2X3 expression significantly. Comparing the results of behavioral study showed significant differences in the mechanical and thermal threshold showed between CCI and CCI+ LLLT groups.

Conclusion: Based on our findings, the therapeutic effects of LLLT for NP act throughout cellular and molecular mechanisms which improve mitochondrial function that in turn improve cell function and prevent apoptosis.