3^rd International Conference on Central Nervous System Disorders & Therapeutics Oct 02-03, 2017 Vienna, Austria

Central Nervous System may be defined as the system which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is vulnerable to various disorders. CNS can be damaged by the following: Trauma, Infections, Degeneration, Structural defects, Tumours, Blood flow disruption, Autoimmune disorders etc.

Approximately 22 million patients suffer from various forms of dementia, two-thirds of which are related to Alzheimer’s.  The WHO estimates the number of people suffering from multiple sclerosis worldwide at 2.5 million. As for schizophrenia, 1percent of the world’s population may be at risk.

Cerebral dysfunction may be focal or global. Focal dysfunction is caused by structural abnormalities and global dysfunction is caused by toxic-metabolic disorders and diffuses inflammation, vasculopathy, major trauma, or disseminated cancer; these diseases affect multiple dimensions of cerebral function.

Every year, an estimated 30,000 people in the United States experience a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and as many as 6percent may have an un-ruptured aneurysm.

Neuronal Disorders may be defined as the disorders of the Brain, Spine and nerves that connect them. For example: Alzheimer's disease (AD) Epilepsy, Multiple sclerosis etc.

According to World Health Organization report- various types of neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people around the world, including 25 million that suffer from Parkinson disease and 327 million who experience headaches and migraines.

Neurosurgery may be defined as the surgical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the CNS and Peripheral Nervous System.  It is also known as Neurological Surgery. It is performed by a physician called neurosurgeon. Based on nature of disorders or diseases, neurosurgeons provide operative and non-operative care. It helps to treat patients with brain tumour, head and spinal cord injury. Types of Neurosurgery include: I).Endovascular Neurosurgery, II).Oncological Neurosurgery III).Stereotactic Neurosurgery so on.

A Neuron communicates its electrical activity to other cells by releasing chemicals at the Junction of the two cells, that process is known as Neurochemical transmission. The chemical substances which transfer an electrical impulse from a nerve cell to its target cell are known as neurotransmitters. 

Neuro-oncology defines the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are very dangerous and life-threatening. For example: glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumours etc.  Most Commonly used treatments in neuro-oncology are Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids and Neurosurgical Interventions.

Cognitive neurology is a scientific study of neural mechanism underlying cognition. Cognitive Neurology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that affect memory and other ‘cognitive’ faculties (such as language, perception, planning-ability and social comportment). Cognitive neuroscience is at the intersection of psychology and neuroscience, but it also overlaps with physiological psychology, neuropsychology and cognitive psychology. This combines the theories of cognitive psychology & computational modelling with experimental data about the brain.

The spinal cord refers as the main pathway for information connecting/transferring to the brain and peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord is also known as the large group of nerves which runs through the centre of the spinal cord and carries messages between the brain and the entire body. Spinal disorders may be seen in individuals irrespective of their age-Chiari malformation in infants to spinal stenosis in the elderly. The increase in population with spinal diseases has met with a leap in the advancements in diagnostic and treatment techniques.  The commonly used tools in diagnosing spinal disorders are as follows: X rays, MRI, CT and DEA etc.

Transduction may be defined as the method that converts a sensory signal to an electrical signal to be processed in a specialized area in the brain.

The brain has it specific processing regions that are dedicated to processing the information which has previously passed through the thalamus for both motor and sensory signals. Growth Factor and Cytokine receptors plays very important role in the activation of the signal transduction.

Neurogenesis defines the process by which neurons are generated from neural stem cells and progenitor cells. Many different varieties of excitatory & inhibitory neurons are generated from different kinds of neural stem cells. The molecular and genetic factors influencing genesis of neuron notably include the Notch Signalling pathway, and many genes have been linked to Notch Signalling pathway regulation. It has been found to occur in two brain regions: the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. 

Neuro-pharmaceutics studies focuses on discovery of therapeutic targets, and then translating those discoveries into drug and therapy development. It is the largest potential growth sector of the pharmaceutical industry. However, this growth is blocked by the problem of the blood-brain barrier.

Clinical Aspects relating to or based on work done with real patients: of or relating to the medical treatment that is given to patients in hospitals, clinics, etc. It involves direct observation of the patient and based on or characterized by observable and diagnosable symptom. For example: Tumours of the Central Nervous System, Clinical Aspects of CNS Cysticercosis, Basic and Clinical Aspects of Malignant Melanoma etc.

Neurology and Neuroscience is the special branch of medical Sciences that deals primarily with the disorders in the CNS. Neurophysiology defined as a union of both neurology and physiology and it studies the functioning of the nervous system.

With an ever increasing average life expectancy, Neurological and CNS Disorders are becoming more prevalent in society. The economic and social costs of Neurological and CNS Disorders to society are huge. Many big pharmaceutical companies have moved away from CNS and Neurology research.

This meeting will give delegates an opportunity to gain additional knowledge and insights into the best practices in clinical trials, as well as addressing the challenges in CNS and Neurology research and by looking at the latest preclinical and clinical studies.

The term Biomarker can be defined as a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. A biomarker can also be known as a biological biomarker.

CNS 2016 conference focuses on the development of CNS biomarkers for drugs and diagnostics from Cerebrospinal fluid and Blood, as well as imaging approaches. Scientific data, updates and case studies in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases will be presented on disease areas such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

The neuroscience perspective relates to the way that people act in terms of how they came to be. It deals with the scientific study of the nervous system and recognized as the branch of biology. On the other hand, neurology perspective deals with the branch of medicine dealing with the disorders of nervous system, diagnosis and treatment of all kind of diseases in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

The remarkable advances in animal models, genetics, biomarker development, and drug discovery have led to the development of novel neurotherapeutics. Innovative treatments include neurochemical and molecular targets, genes and epigenetic therapies, cognitive construct-based behavioral interventions, as well as neural circuitry-based therapies such as deep brain stimulation and magnetic stimulation.