6^th International Conference on Central Nervous System Disorders & Therapeutics August 31-01, 2020 London, UK

A stroke can be a medical condition with poor blood flow to the brain which causes the cell death. The two different types of stroke are ischemic and haemorrhagic which is caused due to lack of blood flow and bleeding, resulting in parts of the proper functioning of the brain. Parkinson's disease affects the nerve cells in the brain producing dopamine. The most common symptoms include muscle rigidity, tremors, and changes in speech and gait.

Stem cells are special human cells that can develop into many different cell types, from muscle cells to brain cells. In some cases, they can also have the capacity to repair damaged tissues. Neurodegeneration refers to the progressive atrophy and loss of function of neurons, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Adult stem cells can be isolated from the human body in discrete ways depending upon the tissues. Blood stem cells can be extracted from a donor's bone marrow blood from the umbilical cord when a baby is born or from circulating blood in a human body. The several types of stem cells used in different purposes are embryonic stem cells. The Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos which are three to five days old, Non-embryonic or adult stem cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), Cord blood stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells.

Dementia is a collective term used to describe diverse symptoms of cognitive decline which is forgetfulness. It is a symptom of several primary diseases and brain disorders. The impairment in memory, communication, and thinking are major causes .Dementia includes in fatal brain failure, terminal diseases, like cancer. The seven most important factors that involve in Dementia are No impairment, Very mild cognitive decline, Mild cognitive decline, Moderate cognitive decline, moderately severe cognitive decline, severe cognitive decline and Very severe cognitive decline. The main causes or factors that may  cause or influence Dementia are , Alzheimer's disease, Vascular cognitive impairment, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, HIV and Traumatic brain injury.

Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions, diseases, and disorders that influence the blood vessels and blood supply to the brain. If a blockage, malformation, or haemorrhage prevents the brain cells from getting enough oxygen, it results in the brain damage. The most common diseases occurred by cerebrovascular disease are atherosclerosis, where the arteries become narrow, thrombosis, or embolic arterial blood clot. It is a blood clot in an artery of the brain, or cerebral venous thrombosis. It is a blood clot in a vein of the brain.  The most common symptoms are Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, Unusual and severe headache, Confusion, disorientation or memory loss, Numbness, weakness in an arm, leg, face, especially one side. Abnormal or slurred speech and difficulty with comprehension. Cerebrovascular disease can be regulated by keeping an eye on blood pressure regularly and  avoiding  hypertension, Controlling existing high blood pressure by eating a low-sodium diet, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and taking proper medications regularly, Eating a healthy and low-fat diet.

Novel Neurotherapeutics, Diagnostics & Case Studies deal with the brain functioning related investigations. Neuropharmacology presumes a notable part of Identifying and deciding the explanation behind the degenerative issue of the cerebrum. It also deals with the Medication focuses on CNS, Chemical motioning in CNS, BBB presence and Neurotransmission working which is thought to be a key idea for Brain movement are considered. Novel pharmaceuticals with the help of drug discovery processes are Drug discovery, Neuropharmacological mechanisms, Neuroplasticity, Neurophysiological regulations mechanisms, Neuroprotective measures, Neuroendocrine Regulation, Computed Tomography (CT), Discography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Spine CNS Biomarkers.

Neuroscience perspective means the proceeding that views behaviour from the outlook of the brain, the nervous system and other biological functions of a human body. The area of neuroscience has widened over time to incorporate different approaches used to study the nervous system at different scales. The methods used by neuroscientists had extended exceptionally, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging of sensory, motor and cognitive tasks in the brain.

Neuropharmaceutics is a medical remedy which is used to treat Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, or Nervous-system disorders. Neuro-Pharmaceutics concentrates on identification of therapeutic targets, and translating those identified into drug and therapy development. The most pivotal experimentation in Neuropharmaceutics which includes the drug discovery for limiting high frequency activity in Epilepsy, drug transport proteins which  control drug distribution to target tissues, spinal delivery of anodyne to chronic pain treatment, drugs used for the treatment of depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, intranasal delivery methods for the treatment of Alzheimer’s  disease, development and strategies to evaluate therapeutics on preclinical models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. It include major mechanisms such as Neuropharmacological mechanisms, Neuroprotective measures, Neuroendocrine Regulation, Neurophysiological regulations mechanisms etc.

Central Nervous System biomarkers can be used to examine clinical utility and to help decisions regarding particular drug treatment. If the drug is productive, it is most likely to receive reimbursement from the regulatory advisor. These biomarkers are valuable because they could be executed as diagnostic screens for several diseases, as it would be less interfering for patients.

Neurochemical Transmission is a  chemical that is let out from a nerve cell which through  transfers an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue. A neurotransmitter is a message passer of neurologic information from one cell to another. Categorizing neurotransmitters is complex because there are over 100 different ones. Providentially, the neurotransmitters are stated as seven “small molecule” neurotransmitters. They are namely acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutamate, histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

Spine Surgery or Spinal Disorders involves different types of spinal fusion surgery, depending on the condition and the patient. The most common spine surgeries are Spinal fusion, Laminectomy, Foraminotomy and Diskectomy. The spine surgery may include hazardous risks like Reaction to anaesthesia or other drugs, Bleeding, Infection, Blood clots, for example in your legs or lungs, Heart attack, Stroke, Herniated disk and Nerve damage.

Cerebral and Neuronal Disorder or Neurological Disorder is a disease of the central nervous and peripheral nervous system. In other words these neurological disorder can be the damages occurred to the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles  which may include symptoms such as Alzheimer's disease, Back pain, Bell's palsy, Partial or complete paralysis, Muscle weakness, Partial or complete loss of sensation, seizures, genetic disorders. The causes may vary, but can include infections, malnutrition, brain injury, gluten sensitivity etc.

Novel Neuro Diagnostics and Therapeutics diagnosis is Identifying and deciding the explanation behind the degenerative issue of the cerebrum and the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses. It includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history such as neuroimaging. These branches deal with the brain functioning- related examinations. These neurological exams may include mental status, cranial nerves, motor system, reflexes, sensory system, coordination, and station and gait, mental behaviour etc. And also included the popular scans and tests like Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) Test, Carotid Duplex (Carotid Ultrasound), Cerebral Angiography (Also Called Vertebral Angiogram or Carotid Angiogram), Computed Tomography (CT or CAT scan), Discography Doppler Ultrasound Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electromyography (EMG).

Paediatric neurology deals with the detection of neurological conditions in neonates, infants, children and teenagers, Neurological developmental problems during childhood. A paediatric neurologist deals with children who have seizures, head injuries, or muscle weakness and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. A geriatric neurologist deals with the older adults. The most common symptoms seen in patients are the Partial or complete paralysis, Muscle weakness, Partial or complete loss of sensation, Seizures, Difficulty reading and writing, Poor cognitive abilities, Unexplained pain and Decreased alertness.

Headache and Migraines are signs of stress or emotional distress. Migraines are reoccurring type of headaches. They cause average to severe pain that is throbbing or pounding .The pain starts from one side of your head and continues to the other side.  The common causes of migraine and headache is muscle tension, fever, head injury, viral infections, sinusitis etc. Headaches can be your body reaction to emotional stress, grief, too much or too little sleep, or depression. The most common symptoms are nausea and weakness, sensitivity to light and sound

Neuro-Oncology involves or includes the analysis of brain and spinal cord neoplasms. Neuro Oncology involves in the study of dangerous and hazardous brain diseases like astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiform, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumours. A neuro oncologist diagnosis and treats brain tumours and other tumours of the nervous system.

Neuroplasticity & Neurorehabilitation is the transformation in neural connection and intersection that occurs due to certain factors, like behaviour, environment, or neural processes. And a complex medical process which results in recovery from a nervous system injury, and to recompense for any functional variation. Neuroplasticity can be influenced by Innumerable factors which may include in pre and postnatal experience of the drugs, hormones, maturation, aging, diet, disease, and stress.

Neurosurgery or neurological surgery is a treatment or surgical procedure which is disturbed with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment and realignment of disorders which act mainly on any major sections of the nervous system, including the major parts of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and cerebrovascular system. The popular neurosurgery procedures are Spinal fusion, craniotomy, ventriculostomy, lobotomy, thalamotomy, hemispherectomy, trepanning, pallidotomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, bilateral cingulotomy etc.

Clinical Neurology & Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with mental disorders referable to diseases of the nervous system numbness or tingling, Weakness or a reduced ability to move any part of the body, Tremors, tics, or other unusual movements, such as mouth smacking are major possible symptoms. Common Clinical Neurology & Neuropsychiatry disorders are Depression, Mania, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Visual hallucination, auditory hallucination, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Eating disorder

Neurogenetics & Neurometabolic disorders refer to a group of disorders that are distinguished by a dysfunction of an enzyme or vitamin necessity in the body for a specific chemical reaction. Neurometabolic disorders are the genetic disorders that distort how the body uses or produces energy from food. Neurometabolic disorders results in uncontrollable epilepsy, abnormal movements or loss of developmental milestones. And exhibits symptoms such as Lethargy, Poor appetite, Abdominal  pain, Vomiting, Weight loss, Jaundice, Seizures, Coma, Abnormal odour of urine, breath, sweat, or saliva etc.,  are  the common Neurogenetics & Neurometabolic Disorders are  Familial hypercholesterolemia, Gaucher disease, Hunter syndrome, Krabbe disease, Maple syrup urine diseases.

Neuroinfections & Neuroimmunological Disorders or neurological disorder is a disorder of the nervous system.  Bacterial organisms, animal parasites, and fungi are main causes of infection. Neurological infections and neuroimmunologial disorders occur when these viruses, bacteria and organisms invade the nervous system. Viruses which affect and infect the central nervous system i.e., the brain and spinal cord are herpes viruses, arbo viruses, coxsackie viruses, echoviruses, and encephalitis. The bacteria which spread the infections to the brain are Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Neurosyphilis, Bacterial meningitis, Brain abscess, Neuroborreliosis. The most common symptoms occurred due to these bacteria and viruses are Partial or complete paralysis, Muscle weakness, Partial or complete loss of sensation, Seizures, Difficulty reading and writing, Poor cognitive abilities, Unexplained pain, Decreased alertness.

Spinal Disorders and Spine Surgery is a procedure results in change of a patient's anatomy, such as removing a herniated disc that is causing pain, which ultimately results pain relief. The patients suffering with may experience symptoms like Spinal disorders, back or neck pain that can be sharp and stabbing, dull and aching, or burning Bladder or bowel dysfunction, Nausea or vomiting, Aching in the arms or legs, Stiffness or tightness, Uneven appearance, such as one shoulder or hip being higher than the other. Few common procedures for Spinal Disorders and Spine Surgery are Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, spinal laminectomy or spinal decompression, Nucleoplasty or plasma disk decompression, Spinal fusion etc.